Back in 2016, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) set a 30% state of charge (SOC) limit on air shipments of stand-alone lithium-ion batteries. Recently, ICAO has taken a decision to extend that 30% SOC restriction to air shipments of lithium-ion batteries packaged with equipment. This SOC limit will come into effect on January 1, 2026, but it is band database recommended that these batteries be maintained at a SOC of no more than 30% of their rated capacity starting on January 1, 2025. In addition, ICAO is introducing a recommendation that all lithium-ion batteries in equipment shipped by air be at a SOC of 30% or less. These decisions have significant implications for the supply chain of lithium batteries and battery-powered devices.
UN TDG WG on Lithium Battery Classification:
The UN Working Group on Lithium Battery Classification is continuing its work to identify and classify the hazards of lithium cells and lithium batteries during thermal runaway. While the project is far from complete, there has been discussion regarding the addition of several new UN numbers, test protocols, and how SOC and packaging could impact classification. The ultimate goal is to establish hazard-based classifications and incentivize safer cells and batteries.
SAE G-27 Lithium Battery Packaging Standard:
Established by ICAO in 2016, the SAE G-27 committee is working on a package performance standard for the safe air transport of lithium cells and batteries. Focused on cylindrical cells such as 18650s and 21700s, the standard includes rigorous testing procedures to ensure safety during transport. However, challenges, open issues, and test validation raise questions about its implementation timeline and regulatory use.
New Battery Technology and Chemistry: Sodium-ion Batteries
With the electrification of almost everything, the battery industry is constantly on the lookout for new battery chemistries. One such chemistry, sodium-ion batteries, was recently added to the dangerous goods regulations with the creation of new UN numbers. For now, the shipping requirements for sodium-ion batteries will mirror the lithium-ion rules.
